نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری
نویسندگان
1 استادیار،ژنتیک، گروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،واحد قم،قم، ایران
2 دانشجو، دانشجوی بیوتکنولوژی،گروه بیوتکنولوژی،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،واحد قم، قم ،ایران
3 مربی، کارشناس ارشد،گروه میکروبیولوژی،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،واحد قم، قم ،ایران
4 مدیر عامل شرکت دانش بنیان سامان ژن آراد و استاد مدعو دانشگاه آزاد قم
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-
Cas systems are well-known acquired immunity systems that are widespread in archaea
and bacteria. The RNA-guided nucleases from CRISPR-Cas systems are currently
regarded as the most reliable tools for genome editing and engineering. The
first hint of their existence came in 1987, when an unusual repetitive DNA sequence,
which subsequently was defined as a CRISPR, was discovered in the Escherichia coli
genome during an analysis of genes involved in phosphate metabolism. Similar sequence
patterns were then reported in a range of other bacteria as well as in halophilic
archaea, suggesting an important role for such evolutionarily conserved
clusters of repeated sequences. A critical step toward functional characterization of
the CRISPR-Cas systems was the recognition of a link between CRISPRs and the associated
Cas proteins, which were initially hypothesized to be involved in DNA repair
in hyperthermophilic archaea. Comparative genomics, structural biology, and advanced
biochemistry could then work hand in hand, not only culminating in the explosion
of genome editing tools based on CRISPR-Cas9 and other class II CRISPR-Cas
systems but also providing insights into the origin and evolution of this system from
mobile genetic elements denoted casposons. To celebrate the 30th anniversary of
the discovery of CRISPR, this minireview briefly discusses the fascinating history of
CRISPR-Cas systems, from the original observation of an enigmatic sequence in E.
coli to genome editing in humans.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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